Remedy 1: Create a fully traceable reference-quality temperature lidar product
Temperature lidars provide important information for trend detection in the middle atmosphere (connected to trends in the ozone layer). The temperature profiles in the middle atmosphere (12- 80 km altitude) are measured using lidar systems that often also measure the ozone layer. The temperature measurements are done using the Rayleigh-Mie technique. This lidar technique to measure temperature is sensitive to the presence of aerosol, which is an important contribution to the error budget. An additional lidar technique exists to measure temperature profile (in the troposphere) using the pure-rotational Raman technique (PRR) that can be used in the presence of aerosol. However, presently a metrologically traceable processing is unavailable for such measurements. Hence, for temperature measurements in the presence of aerosols using the PRR lidar technique, a rigorous error budget needs to be established to improve their utility for applications such as satellite characterization.
Temperature lidars provide important information for trend detection in the middle atmosphere (connected to trends in the ozone layer). These are measured using lidar systems that often also measure the ozone layer. The lidar technique to measure temperature is sensitive to the presence of aerosol, which is an important contribution to the error budget. In addition, lidar techniques exist to measure temperature profiles in the troposphere using the pure-rotational Raman (PRR) technique that can be used in the presence of aerosol. For temperature measurements in the presence of aerosols using the PRR technique, a rigorous error budget needs to be established to improve their utility for applications such as satellite characterisation.